Improvement in lathe for turning- ovals



@anni gime @anni @tithe Letters Patent No. 101,447, dated April 5, 15570.

IMPROVEM'ENT. IN LATI-Ir: FOR TURNING oVALs.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters- Patent and making part o the same.

To all whom tt may concern:

Be itknown that I, RUDOLF EIcKnMnYnn, of Yonkers, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Lathes for Turning Ovals; and I do hereby declare that the following is a true and correct description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference thereon.

My improved lathe for turning ovals .is more vespecially designed for turning hat-blocks of an oval form, and for rotating oval hatblocks, with hats upon them, for the operation of pouncing.

'In the manufacture of' hats it is desirable to have the hat-blocks made of an irregular oval shape, similar to the section of an egg, commonly called an eggoval, but turning lathes for turning ovals, which consist of a lathe-spindle combined with an eccentric and transverse slides in the chuck or head, will only turn regular ovals or ellipses of different diameters of a regular ligure.

In'order to avoi the use of patterns for turning hat-blocks of an egg-oval shape, I have invented an improvement in the ordinary oval-lathe'whereby eggovals may be turned as readily as ellipses.

This improvement consists in so arranging one of the slides of the lathe-head, in combination with the eccentric and the other slide and lathe-spindle, that it shall move in a curved line transversely to the right line of motion of the other slide.

Anotheropart of my invention is applicable to lathes for turning both forms of ovals, and consists in an arrangement of inclined bearing-surfaces of the eccentric and slides, in connection with play in the lathespindle, and a-tightening screw upon the rear of the lathe-spindle, so that any looseness caused by wear of any or albof the bearing-surfaces ofthe slides, eccentric or back bearing of the lathe-spindle, may be cor- 'rected simply by au adjustment ofthe tightening nut .upon the rear of the lathe-spindle.

My invention further consists in combining with the exterior slide an oil-chamber or chambers, in the plate in which it slides, substantially as hereinafter described.

Also in the arrangement of an oil-passage through the eccentric,communicating with oil-passages to the bearing-surfaces of the inner slide, substantially as hereinafter described.

In pouncing hats upon oval hat-blocks differentsized blocks, corresponding with differentsized hats, are used, land when they are screwed upon amandrel, or screw-chuck, they are not certain to come to their `exact proper position when screwed home upon the chucks upon which they were turned, owing to the wear of the wood.l To remedy this ditculty I have combined with the oval head au adjustable chuckingscrew, provided with a binding-nut, so that differentv blocks may be readily adjusted to the proper point to correspond wit-h the oval head by an adjustment of the chucking-screw.

But more particularly to describe my said invention I will refer to the accompanying drawings, of which- Figure 1 represents a perspective view of a lathehead for turning egg-ovals.

Figure 2, a side elevation of the same, showing also a'front view of the egg-oval hat-block, which is leit off in iig. 1 in order to show the adjustable chucking-screw.

Figure 3, a plan view of the curved slide.

Figure 4, a section of same through section-line a: x, iig.` 3.

Figure 5 is a vertical longitudinal section through Ythe lathe-heads, showing slides adapted to turning regular ovals. v

Figure 6, a detached View of the eccentric and its fastening-plate.

Figure 7, a detached plan view of inner slide.

Figure 8, a detached plan'view of plate and oilchambers for the outer slide.

Figure 9, a section through section-line y y, iig. 8.

Letter a, represents the frame of the head of the,

lathe.

b, the lathe-spindle.

c, the front bearing of the lathe-spindle.

d, the back bearing of thelathe-spiudle.

e, balance-wheel fitted t-o the lathe-spindle by a spline c1. The hub e? of the balance-wheel serves as an adjustable collar to the spindle, and hears upon the end of the box or back bearing of the lathe-spindle, being screwed upto it by an adjusting-nut, e, which is held fast when adjusted by a binding-nut, e".

It will be observed. on inspection of the drawing, fig. 5, that the distance between the shoulders upon the lathe-spindle is less than 'the distance between the front bearing c and the back bearing d, thus leaving a A play between the shoulder of the lathe-spindle and the back bearing, to permit of the spindle being drawn backward bythe adjusting-nut e. This is the provision fortightening up the bearing-surfaces ofthe slides and eccentric. Y

Letter f is the eccentric ring, which has conical bearing-surfaces, and is secured by means of its fastening-plate, f1, to the front of the lathe-head, in such eccentric position with reference4v to the spindle as may be desired, by means of screws, f1.

The inner slide, g, is fitted by its conical ring to the conical bearing-surtace of the eccentric, and the bearing-surfaces ot' its slides, g1, g2, are also inclined in the same direction as the conical surface of the eccentric, and fitted to corresponding inclined bearing-surfaces, h, hl, in the plate h?, which carries the outer slide, h,

which has also inclined bearing or sliding-surfaces, fitted to corresponding inclined bearing-surfaces, h h5,

in the plate h2, and is secured to the lathe-spindle by a screw, li,`cut uponthe end of the spindle. The arrangement of the inclined bearing-surfaces of the eccentric, the twoslides, and the plate which carries the outer slide, is such that when thel outer slide is screwed fast to the lathe-spindlel by screwing it up to the shoulder i', all the bearings of the slides and eccent'rics maybe tightened orrloosened by moving the lathe-spindle backward or forward in its bearings.

This may be done i'n any convenient manner that will admit of retaining the lathe-spindle in the position to which it is adjusted, but I prefer to use the adjusting-nut e3, and adjustable collar or wheel-hub e, at the rear end of the spindle-shaft, as above described. Letters j j1 represent oil-chambers in the plateh2, which communicate by oil-holes, jz, j, with the surfaces of the outer slide, h3. Oil is supplied to the chambers when required through exterior holes, k, in the periphery of the plate h2, which should be closed with screws, k', or plugged up in any suitable manner.

The oil-chambers should be crammed with lampwick, with strands introduced into the oil holes. 'lo oil the inner slide I make an oil-hole, fm, in the top of the eccentric which passes downward and then horizontally, coming out through the conical surface of eccentric ring, to oil the inner bearing surfaces of the ringof the inner slide and the eccentric, the oil for oiling the slides ofthe inner' slide passing through oilholes n n' in said slides, opposite to each other and communicating during some part of the revolution of the inner slide around the eccentric ring with the oilholes in the eccentric ring.

The plate p, which carries the chucking-screw, is secured to the plate h2 by screws, p1, fig. 1. The chuckiug-screw q is screwed into the plate p, and secur'ed in position by the binding-nut ql. There is a collar, q2, upon the chucking-screws,` furnished with ypin-holes, for a pin-,wrcnch, by which the chuckingscrew may be turned-in its screw-hole in the plate p, when relieved from the pressure `of the binding-nut q, so that a hat-block, or other oval form, which has before been turned upon the lathe, may be again chucked and adjustedto its proper position for pouncing hats, or for beingv again operated upon by the turning-tool.

So iarthis description has referred more particularly to the slides for turning regular ovals or ellipses. I now proceed to describe the modification for turning egg-shaped ovals, shown in igs. 1, 3, and 4.

In this modification all theparts of the lathe are the same as the lathe for turning regular ovals above described, except that the inner slide oscillates in a curved line across the line of motion of the ,outer slide.

In fig. 3 r represents the oscillating inner slide which oscillates upon a conical pin, T1, projecting from the plateh?, and has conical bearing-surfacesftted to the conical bearing-surfaces of the eccentric ring, and to the conical bearing-surfaces of the curved guide lrz upnthe plate hf Instead of the conical pida-curved guide with conical surfaces may be used, or any other suitablemechanical meansfor giving the slide a curvilinear motion, substantially as shown.

I have described this part of my invention as adapted to be used with' my other -improvements of means for adjusting all the bearing-surfaces of the slides and eccentric by the adjusting-nut at the back end of the spindle, but/I do not wish to limit this part of my invention to the special arrangement of the bearings or workin g-surfaces of the curved slide herein shown, although I consider it the best mode of construction, as it is obvious that this improvement of the curved slide may be adapted to the various other formspf eccentric lathes for turning ovals now in use. Instead of placing the adjusting-nut and collar used for tightening up the working-surfaces of the slides and eccentric, at the back end ofthe spindle, it may be placed upon the spindle just behind the front bearing, c, and produce thesame effect, there being sufficient play between the collar on the front end of the spindle 'and the front' face of the front bearing of the spindle to allow the spindle to be drawn backward, but it is better to place the adjusting-.nut and collar, or wheel-hub, at the back end of the spindle as above described.

In order to use -my improvement of the oscillating inner slide for turning, it is necessary to bring the center ofthe eccentric f opposite to the cutting point of the tnrningtool, so that a line .drawn from the cutting point ofthe tool through the center of the lathe-spindle will strike the center of the eccentric. If the center of the eccentric is between the point of tlretool and the lathe-spindle the figure produced will have a short. straight axis and a long curved axis, v and will resemble a bean in shape. When the center of the lathe-spindle is in line betw'eenpthe tool-point has a long straight axis` and a short curved axis, and will in this way form what is generally called an eggoval by hatters. j

The lathe as shown in the drawings isset for pouncing hats, and the point where the operator applies the hat is on the top of the block, directly overthe lathe-center, and to use the lathe without any alteration for turning egg-oval hat-blocks, it willonly be necessary to hold the tool in the same position, i. e., pointing downward from a point directly over the axis of the lathe-spindle. The distance between the center of the lathe and the center of the eccentric regulates the distance between the two axes of the hat-block.

I claim as of my invention and improvement in eccentric lathes for turning ovals- 1. In combination with the lathe-spindle, eccentric, and a slide having motion in a right line, the oscillato the motion of the other slide, substantially as described.

`2. The combination of the eccentric, slides, and plates of the oval or eccentric chuck, having` inclined bearing-surfaces, with each other and the lathe-spindle, substantially as described, whereby all the bearingsurfaces are tightened or loosened by moving the spindle backward or forward in its bearings, substantially as described.

slides, andv plate, having conical or inclined bearingsurfaces arranged, substantially as described, the adjustable collar or wheel-hub, and adjusting-nut placed upon the spindle, whereby `the parts ofthe eccentric, or oval chuck, are held'together, and their bearing surfaces adj usted tocompen sate for Wear, substantially as described.

4. The oil-chambers, or either of them, placed in the plate p, and the oil-holes leading from them, or either of them, in' combinationwith the outer slide of an eccentric or oval chuck, substantially as described.

5. The oil passage'm through the eccentric, in cornbination with the inner slide and oil-holes n n' through the same, substantially as described.

6. The adjustable chucking-screw-q, with its collar, q2, and binding-nut, q1, in combination with an eccentric chuck for turning ovals, substantially as described.

Witnesses: R.'EICKEMEYER.

THEoDoRE F-rrcrr, FILLMORE Dufresne and the center of the eccentric, the gure produced the pouncing or emery paper with his hand to pounce ting slide, or slide moving in acurved line transversely v 3. In combination with the lathe-spindle, eccentrr'o," 

